2018初中英语语法之一般现在时

 新一轮中考复习备考周期正式开始,中考网为各位初三考生整理了中考五大必考学科的知识点,主要是对初中三年各学科知识点的梳理和细化,帮助各位考生理清知识脉络,熟悉答题思路,希望各位考生可以在考试中取得优异成绩!下面是《2018初中英语语法之一般现在时》,仅供参考!

  一般现在时是英语中应用最广泛的时态之一,是中考复习的重点。它表示:
 
  (1)经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。e.g. I go to school on foot. He is very busy now.
 
  (2)表示主语的特征、性格、能力、爱好等。e.g. He can swim. I work hard. I like watching TV.
 
  (3)表示客观真理 e.g. There are seven days in a week. The moon moves round the earth.
 
  其结构按正常语序,即“主语+谓语+其它”,有时为了起强调作用,时间状语也可提前.其句式变化可分为两种情况 :
 
  (1)表示动作,一般人称作主语的,变否定句须在动词前加助动词don’t;变一般疑问句须在句首加助动词do。 E.g. They have lunch at 12:00. They don’t have lunch at 12:00.   Do they have lunch at 12:00?
 
  (2) 单三人称做主语的,变否定句须在动词前加助动词doesn’t;变一般疑问句须在句首加助动词does。E.g. Jenny speaks English very well.   Jenny doesn’t speak English very well. Does Jenny speak English very well?
 
  含有be动词的要在be上做变化. E.g. Danny is a good student. Danny isn’t a good student. Is Danny a good student?
 
  其时间状语为often、 usually、 always、 sometimes等频率副词,on Saturdays、 in the morning(afternoon evening) 、every day 等。
 
  做题时常见错误如下:
 
  一、be动词与行为动词同时出现在句子中
 
  例:We are plant the trees in spring.
 
  答案:plant
 
  解析:学生往往会用汉语的思维方式去翻译,就成了“我们是在春天植树”。这是学习英语最忌讳的,要看语法是不是正确,在英语中,be是表状态,do是表动作,两种动词不能同时出现在句子中,可记住如下口诀:“英汉语言有差异,be 、do不能放一起,仔细琢磨细分析,语法千万要牢记。”
 
  专项练习:
 
  一、 单选
 
  1 Jenny ____ in an office. Her parents ____in a hospital.
 
  A work works   B works work C work are working D is working work
 
  2 One of the boys_____ a black hat.
 
  A have   B there is   C there are D has
 
  3 We will go shopping if it____ tomorrow.
 
  A don't rain B didn't rain C doesn't rain D isn't rain
 
  4 He said the sun ____in the east and ____in the west.
 
  A rose; set   B rises; sets C rises, set D rise; sets
 
  5 Wang Mei ____ music and often ____ to music.
 
  A like; listen    B likes; listens    C like; are listening    D liking ; listen
 
  6 Jenny____ English every evening.
 
  A has study B studies C study D studied
 
  答案:1 B 2D 3C 4B 5B 6B
 
  二、填空
 
  1 I can take Li Ming there when he _____ ( come) to visit.
 
  2 _____your sister_____(know)English?
 
  3 Her home____ _____ ______(远离 )her school.
 
  4 The pot_____(not look) like yours very much.
 
  5 Where _____you____(have)lunch every day?
 
  6 Who_____(想要 )to go swimming?
 
  7 ______she_____(do) the housework every day?
 
  8 Jenny and Danny usually______(play) games in the afternoon .
 
  答案:1 comes   2 Does know 3 is away from 4 doesn't look
 
  5 do have 6 wants   7 does do   8 play
 
  二、单三人称形式易出错
 
  例:1 He plaies football very well.
 
  2 Danny gos to school at 7:10.
 
  答案:1 plays 2 goes
 
  解析:1以辅音字母加y结尾的动词变单三人称形式才能把y换成i再加es;
 
  2与名词变复数不同,变单三人称形式以o结尾的词要加es.
 
  三、在句式变换时易出错
 
  例:1 Does Jenny has a good friend?
 
  2 Brian doesn’t lives in China.
 
  答案:1 Does have    2 doesn’t live
 
  解析:单三人称做主语的一般现在时做句式变化时,可记住如下口诀:“见助动,用原形”。此口诀也可推广用于一般过去时态中。e.g. He didn't go home yesterday.
 
  四、对do的理解易出错
 
  例:We don’t our homework in the afternoon.
 
  答案:don’t do
 
  解析:do是一个比较难理解的词,它有三个含义:
 
  (a)是所有行为动词的总称;
 
  (b)是助动词,无实义;
 
  (c)是一个具体的行为动词“做,干”。此句中给出的do指“做”,not指把此句变为否定句,故须在do前加助动词don’t。
 
  五、对主语的数判断有误
 
  例: Li Ming with me are (be) in Beijing.
 
  答案: is
 
  解析:表面一看是“我和李明两个人在北京”,但with在此做伴随状语,不能做主语,故用is.
 
  另外,宾语从句中,从句部分若是表示客观真理,不管主句是何时态,从句都要用一般现在时;在时间和条件状语从句中,主句表将来,从句要用一般现在时。
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