初中英语语法必备大全：现在进行时和过去进行时(典型例题分析)

 

　　I am watching TV now.

　　我正在看电视。

　　句型：主语+be(am，is，are)+现在分词～.

　　Look!Nancy is doing her homework

　　看!南希正在做作业。

　　They are cleaning their classroom.

　　他们正在打扫他们的教室。

　　She isn't reading now.

　　过去进行时

　　He was walking in the park at that time yesterday

　　昨天那个时候，他正在公园散步。

　　句型：主语+be(was，were)+现在分词～.

　　I was watching TV then.

　　那时，我正在看电视。

　　When I came home， they were cooking in the kitchen.

　　当我进家时，他们正在厨房里做饭。

　　When he knocked at the door， we weren't doing our homework.

　　当他敲门时，我们没有在写作业。

　　Were you cooking at that time?

　　那时，你在做饭吗?

　　现在进行时的用法： 其结构是助动词be的过去形式is/are/am +v-ing.

　　其句式变化仍然要在be上做文章。

 

　　现在(说话的瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作，强调“此时此刻”。E.g. He is reading . They are talking now.

　　2、当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。E.g. They are working these days.

　　3、某些动词的现在进行时，表预定的计划或即将发生的动作。E.g I am coming.

　　其结构为be+现在分词. 现在分词的变法有

　　1、一般在动词词尾加上-ing ,E.g. jump

　　2、以不发音字母e结尾的动词，先去e，再加-ing. E.g have write

　　3、.以重读闭音节末尾只有一个辅音字母结尾的词，它前面是单个元音字母时要先将词尾的辅音字母双写，再加上-ing. E.g. sit put

　　其句式变换都在be上做文章。

　　E.g. He is buying a bike.

　　Is he buying a bike?

　　He isn’t buying a bike.

　　一般由look,listen,now, at this moment等时间状语做标志。

 

　　4. 习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。

　　Mr. Green is writing another novel.

　　(说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)

　　She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.

　　5. 表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。

　　The leaves are turning red.

　　It's getting warmer and warmer.

　　6.与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。

　　You are always changing your mind.

　　典型例题

　　My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.

　　A. has lost, don't find　　 B. is missing, don't find　C. has lost, haven't found　 D. is missing, haven't found.

　　答案D. 前句是一个仍在持续的状态，应用进行时，由于没有找到，其影响仍然存在，应用完成时，瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。

　　不用进行时的动词

　　1) 事实状态的动词

　　have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue

　　I have two brothers.

　　This house belongs to my sister.

　　2) 心理状态的动词

　　Know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate

　　I need your help.

　　He loves her very much.

　　3 ) 瞬间动词

　　accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse.

　　I accept your advice.

　　4) 系动词

　　seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn

　　You seem a little tired.

　　(一) 、单选

　　1、 Look! He _____their mother do the housework.

　　A. is helping B. are help C. is help D.is helpping

　　2 、_____are the boys doing ? They are singing in the room.

　　A .Who B .How C.What D.Where

　　3、 Don’t talk here. My mother _____.

　　A. is sleeping B .are sleeping C. sleeping D .sleep

　　4 、Danny ______. Don’t call him.

　　A. is writeing B .is writing C.writing D .writes

　　5 、–When_____he_____back?

　　– Sorry, I don’t know.

　　A. does,come B.are coming C.is come D.is coming

　　答案：A C A B D

　　(二)、填空

　　1、 It’s ten o’clock. My mother _____(lie)in bed.

　　2、 What____he _____(mend)?

　　3、 We _____(play)games now.

　　4、 What ____you____(do) these days?

　　5、 ____he ___(clean) the classroom?

　　6、 Who____(sing)in the next room?

　　7 、The girl____(like)wearing a sweater. Look! She ____(wear)a red sweater today.

　　答案：1 is lying 2 is mending 3 are playing 4 are doing

　　5 Is cleaning 6 is singing 7 likes ; is wearing

　　一、把动词变成现在分词形式易出错

　　例：1、They are swiming.(swim)

　　2 、Jenny is plaiing(play)football.

　　答案：1.swimming 2 .playing

　　解析：动词变现在分词可有如下口诀:“一添一去y不变”. “一添”指双写规则;“一去”指去掉不发音字母e规则;“y不变”指要与名词变复数区分开。

　　二、丢掉be动词或忘记把动词变成现在分词

　　例：1、 Look,two children flying.(fly) a kite in the park.

　　2 、Li Mingisn’t read ( not read) a book in bed now.

　　答案：1 are flying 2 isn’t reading

　　解析:现在进行时肯定句的结构规律为: “be+现在分词,缺一不可”。这一点必须牢记。

　　三、对动词或动词词组提问时丢掉doing

　　例：1 、The students are singing in the room.(对划线部分提问)

　　What are the students in the room?

　　答案：What are the students doing in the room?

　　解析:现在进行时态中对动作提问可记住此句式“What +be +主语+doing+其它?”

　　或简写为“What......doing......”?句式。

　　四、现在进行时态的选择疑问句中易忽视or后用现在分词形式

　　例：孩子们在跑还是在跳?

　　Are the children running or jump?

　　答案：Are the children running or jumping?

　　解析: or连接的是两个并列成分，动词形式须一致。

 

 

　　过去进行时

　　其结构是助动词be的过去形式was/were +v-ing.

　　其句式变化仍然要在be上做文章。E.g. We were working in class.

　　We weren’t working in class. Were you working in class?

 

 

　　1) 概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。

　　E.g. They were playing football at ten o’clock yesterday morning.

　　My mother was cooking when I got home.

　　I was washing my clothes at this time yesterday.

　　2) 过去某阶段持续进行的动作 What were you doing during the holiday? 另外，在复合句中，若主要动作和背景动作是同时发生的，那么主从句都可用过去进行时e.g. Jenny was reading while Danny was writing.

　　3) 常用的时间状语

　　过去进行时常与过去某一特定时间的状语连用，如 last night, at that time, at noon yesterday, last Sunday 等。 也有时没有时间状语，要通过上下文的暗示来确定用过去进行时。E.g. The students all worked hard. Everyone knew what he was working for.

 

　　My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.

　　It was raining when they left the station.

　　When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.

　　典型例题

　　1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.

　　A. made　 B. is making　 C. was making　 D. makes

　　答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同　时，when表时间的同时性，"玛丽在做衣服时"提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。

　　2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.

　　read; was falling　B. was reading; fell　C. was reading; was falling　D. read;fell

　　答案B.句中的as = when, while，意为"当……之时"。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行;一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 "在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。"句中的 fell (fall的过去时)，是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。

　　做题时常见错误如下：

　　一、易把be+现在分词记成be+过去分词

　　例：He was talked (talk) to his mum at that time.

　　答案：was talking

　　解析：过去进行时与现在进行时结构上的区别体现在be动词上。

　　二、丢掉be动词或忘记把动词变成现在分词

　　例：1 I watching (watch) TV when he came in.

　　2 They were play (play) games at 5:00 p.m. yesterday.

　　答案：1 was watching 2 were playing

　　解析：现在进行时中“be+现在分词,缺一不可”的规律也可应用于过去进行时。

　　三、对动词或动词词组提问时丢掉doing

　　例：We were flying kites at 5:00 p.m. yesterday. (对划线部分提问)

　　What were you at 5:00 p.m. yesterday?

　　答案：What were you doing at 5:00 p.m. yesterday?

　　解析：现在进行时中“What……doing……”?句式同样适用于过去进行时。

　　四、易与现在进行时弄混

　　例：My mother is cooking (cook)when I got home.

　　答案：was cooking

　　解析：这两种时态的共同点是都表示动作正在进行，但现在进行时前提是现在，而过去进行时前提是过去，由when I got home可看出前提是过去。

　　五、易与一般过去时弄混

　　例：昨晚我在读一本故事书。

　　I read (read) a story book yesterday evening.

　　答案：was reading

　　解析：这两种时态的共同点是都用于表示过去发生的动作。但过去进行时强调动作正在进行，而一般过去时则表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，它表示的动作往往已经完成。“在”说明正在进行，而“I read a story book yesterday evening.”的意思是昨晚我读了一本故事书，言下之意已经读完了。故用过去进行时。

　　另外，在宾语从句中当主句为过去时，从句若是现在进行时，需变成过去进行时。

　　e.g. He said that he was drawing a cat at noon yesterday.